Faster growing orgs need more staff in order to deliver the same service.
To see why, let's consider two orgs, each with 100 people but one is growing at 25% and another at 50%.
On the manager:IC ratio. The dial is IC staff per manager, not direct reports per manager — in any real org chart most senior managers are managing other managers, not individual contributors, so counting direct reports badly understates how much of the org sits in the management layer.
Some operations work is delivering, some is system re-design.
(There are factors outside org scale which contribute to system re-design priority, so the factor here is overstated.)
New staff:
Steady state. Growth compounds annually; leavers depart at a constant hazard. The share of staff with tenure under T years settles at 1 − e−(g+s)T, where g and s are the continuous-time equivalents of the annual growth and turnover rates. Every figure on this page is a consequence of that one expression plus the dials above. Made-up numbers to flesh out a point, not a forecast.