Faster-growing orgs need more ops staff to deliver the same service.
To see why, let's consider two orgs: each has 100 people, but one is growing at 25% a year and the other at 50%.
The prose describes the default numbers — every dial below is live, and the figures update as you drag.
On the manager:IC ratio. The dial is IC staff per manager, not direct reports per manager — in any real org chart most senior managers are managing other managers, not individual contributors, so counting direct reports badly understates how much of the org sits in the management layer.
Some operations work is delivering, some is system re-design.
(Both triggers are rough — funding shocks, leadership changes and the like also force redesigns.)
New staff:
Steady state. Growth compounds annually; leavers depart at a constant hazard. The share of staff with tenure under T years settles at 1 − e−(g+s)T, where g and s are the continuous-time equivalents of the annual growth and turnover rates. Every figure on this page is a consequence of that one expression plus the dials above. Made-up numbers to flesh out a point, not a forecast.